Hanafuda (Koi-Koi) Rules — Complete Guide

Hanafuda, best known through its Koi-Koi mode, is a traditional Japanese flower-card game for two players. The 48-card deck covers 12 flower months, four cards each. Each player holds 10 cards, 8 are dealt to the field, and 20 form a draw pile. On your turn you play a card and capture field cards of the same month, then flip one from the pile — month matches capture there too. Build scoring combinations (yaku) from your captures, then either stop to bank them or call Koi-Koi to keep playing at double the stakes.

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Deck and players

The 48-card deck is divided across the twelve months of the year — four cards per month, from Pine (January) to Paulownia (December). Each month carries its own flower, and some cards add birds, animals or special motifs.

Two players face off. Each is dealt 10 cards, 8 cards are opened on the field, and the remaining 20 cards form a shared draw pile.

The four card families

Every card belongs to exactly one of four families, and all yaku are built from them:

FamilyCardsNotable members
Brights (hikari)5January, March, August, November and December — the backbone of the big point yaku
Animals (tane)9Cards with a bird, animal or object — including the sake cup, July's boar and October's deer and butterfly
Ribbons (tan)10Poetry slips: 3 red (January, February, March), 3 blue (June, September, October) and 4 plain
Plain (kasu)24No special role on their own, but ten of them make the one-point Kasu yaku

Turn flow and captures

Players alternate turns, and the first move rotates between them from round to round.

On your turn play one card from your hand: if a card of the same month is on the field, you capture it along with yours; if not, your card stays on the field.

You then flip the top card of the draw pile: if it matches a month on the field you capture it, otherwise it joins the field — so one turn can capture two cards.

The round ends when either hand or the draw pile runs out; if nobody stopped before that, the round is a draw with no points.

Yaku (scoring combinations) and their points

Yaku are formed from your captured cards. The twelve scoring combinations and their points:

YakuCombinationPoints
Gokō (Five Brights)All five Bright cards10
Shikō (Four Brights)Four Brights without the rain card8
Ame-Shikō (Four Brights with rain)Four Brights including the rain card7
Sankō (Three Brights)Three Brights without the rain card5
Ino-shika-chōJuly's boar with October's deer and butterfly5
Tane-5Five or more Animal cards5 + 1 per extra Animal
Tan-5Five or more Ribbons5 + 1 per extra Ribbon
Akatan (red ribbons)The three red poetry Ribbons (January, February, March)3
Aotan (blue ribbons)The three blue Ribbons (June, September, October)3
Kasu-10Ten or more Plain cards1 + 1 per extra Plain
Tsukimi (moon viewing)August's moon with September's sake cup5
Hanami (flower viewing)March's cherry curtain with September's sake cup5

Yaku stack: the points of every combination you hold are added together, so one round can score several at once.

The rain Bright (November) limits the Bright yaku: four Brights with it score 7 instead of 8, and three Brights only count without it.

Koi-Koi and doubling

When a new yaku completes you choose: stop to end the round and bank your points immediately, or call "Koi-Koi" to keep playing for bigger combinations.

Every Koi-Koi call — by either player — doubles the round's final score: one call ×2, two calls ×4, three ×8 and so on. The final score equals the stopping player's yaku points times this multiplier.

If the cards run out and nobody stopped, the round is a draw with no points — that is the gamble behind every Koi-Koi call.

Quick tips for beginners

Read the field before every play: a hand card with no month match may hand your opponent a capture on their turn.

September's sake cup is the most valuable middle card: it pairs with August's moon (Tsukimi) or March's curtain (Hanami), worth 5 either way.

Do not call Koi-Koi on a small yaku with a nearly spent hand; your opponent may catch up, stop, and double their own points.

Track the visible month cards: a month where two field cards are already gone is nearly dead for your opponent.

The rain card lowers your Brights' value: chasing Three Brights is wasted if the rain card has not surfaced yet.

Frequently asked questions

How many cards does Hanafuda use?

48 cards spread across the twelve months of the year — four cards per flower month.

How many players play Hanafuda?

Two players face each other directly, taking turns to lead each round.

What does "Koi-Koi" mean?

It is the call to keep playing after completing a yaku instead of stopping; every call — by either player — doubles the round's final score.

What is the highest-scoring yaku?

Gokō, all five Brights, scores 10; four Brights without the rain card score 8, and four with it score 7.

What are the Bright (hikari) cards?

Five cards from January, March, August, November and December — the backbone of the big point yaku.

When does a round end?

When a player with a yaku stops to bank their points, or when a hand or the draw pile runs out — in which case the round is a draw with no points.

Can you score more than one yaku in a round?

Yes — yaku stack, and all their points are added together before the doubling multiplier.

Can I play Hanafuda online for free?

Yes — you can play Hanafuda online free at hanafuda.yeeqia.com directly in your browser, no download or sign-up required to try a table.

Does the game work on mobile?

Yes, the site is mobile-first and runs in any modern browser on Android or iPhone, with full Arabic and English support.